United States' Top 2% Scientists 2023

The United States has 69,386 scientists on the 2023 single-year Top 2% list, up 1.2% from 68,565 in 2022. That places the United States 1st in the world by number of listed scientists. Harvard Medical School has the most listed scientists (1,205), followed by University of Washington (931).

Single Year

69,386

+821 (+1.2%) vs 2022

Career Data

81,159

+2,252 (+2.9%) vs 2022

World rank by count

No change vs 2022

Institutes

5,965

+82 (+1.4%) vs 2022

Scientists in the United States on the list, by year

The single-year count has grown 16% since 2020.

Single-year list, change on the previous year

2021+10.8%

2022+3.5%

2023+1.2%

2024+3.0%

2025+2.2%

Show the numbers

Year	Single Year	Change	Career Data	Change
2020	59,785		68,018
2021	66,247	+10.8%	75,908	+11.6%
2022	68,565	+3.5%	78,907	+4.0%
2023	69,386	+1.2%	81,159	+2.9%
2024	71,460	+3.0%	84,209	+3.8%
2025	73,020	+2.2%	87,861	+4.3%

Top 10 institutes in the United States

By number of listed scientists

Single-year list2023

Show the list

1Harvard Medical School1,205
2University of Washington931
3Stanford University875
4University of Michigan, Ann Arbor712
5Massachusetts Institute of Technology704
6University of California, Berkeley685
7University of California, San Francisco664
8Mayo Clinic641
9University of California, Los Angeles618
10University of Minnesota Twin Cities575

All 69,386 scientists

Single-year list2023

The first 100 are free to browse.

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Rank in the United States	World rank	Scientist	Institute	Sub-field	Rank in sub-field
1	4	Bandura, Albert	Stanford University	Social Psychology	Rank 1
2	7	Hinton, Geoffrey	Google LLC	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 3
3	9	GR Girshick, Ross	FAIR	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 4
4	10	IJ Ioannidis, John P.A.	Stanford University School of Medicine	General & Internal Medicine	Rank 2
5	12	KR Kessler, Ronald C.	Harvard Medical School	Psychiatry	Rank 1
6	14	AI Ajzen, Icek	University of Massachusetts Amherst	Social Psychology	Rank 2
7	15	NM Newman, M. E.J.	University of Michigan, Ann Arbor	Fluids & Plasmas	Rank 1
8	16	PJ Perdew, John P.	Temple University	Applied Physics	Rank 2
9	18	MD McClements, David Julian	University of Massachusetts Amherst	Food Science	Rank 1
10	19	BL Breiman, Leo	University of California, Berkeley	Statistics & Probability	Rank 1
11	21	ZL Zadeh, Lotfi A.	University of California, Berkeley	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 5
12	24	GJ Gross, James J.	Stanford University	Experimental Psychology	Rank 1
13	25	LH Li, Heng	Harvard Medical School	Bioinformatics	Rank 1
14	26	LR Lal, Rattan A.	The Ohio State University	Agronomy & Agriculture	Rank 1
15	27	GY Gogotsi, Yury	Drexel University	Nanoscience & Nanotechnology	Rank 3
16	28	DE Diener, Ed	The University of Utah	Social Psychology	Rank 4
17	30	GJ Goodenough, John B.	The University of Texas at Austin	Applied Physics	Rank 3
18	32	MB McEwen, Bruce S.	Rockefeller University	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 2
19	33	HF Hu, Frank B.	Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health	Endocrinology & Metabolism	Rank 1
20	34	SG Semenza, Gregg L.	Johns Hopkins School of Medicine	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology	Rank 1
21	36	LP Libby, Peter	Harvard Medical School	Cardiovascular System & Hematology	Rank 2
22	37	BD Bartel, David P.	Howard Hughes Medical Institute	Developmental Biology	Rank 2
23	38	MA Manthiram, Arumugam	The University of Texas at Austin	Nanoscience & Nanotechnology	Rank 4
24	41	TD Teece, David	Haas School of Business	Business & Management	Rank 2
25	45	WW Willett, Walter C.	Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health	Epidemiology	Rank 1
26	46	RP Ridker, Paul M.	Harvard Medical School	Cardiovascular System & Hematology	Rank 3
27	47	WE Witten, Edward	Institute for Advanced Study	Nuclear & Particle Physics	Rank 1
28	50	MC Murray, Christopher J.L.	University of Washington	General & Internal Medicine	Rank 5
29	51	ER Edgar, Robert C.	Independent Researcher	Bioinformatics	Rank 2
30	53	PM Pesaran, M. Hashem	University of Southern California	Econometrics	Rank 1
31	56	WG Whitesides, George M.	Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences	General Chemistry	Rank 1
32	57	FJ Friedman, Jerome H.	Stanford Law School	Statistics & Probability	Rank 3
33	58	TD Tilman, David	University of Minnesota Twin Cities	Ecology	Rank 1
34	60	JR Jain, Rakesh K.	Harvard Medical School	Oncology & Carcinogenesis	Rank 1
35	61	LY LeCun, Yann	New York University	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 8
36	62	PR Petersen, Ronald C.	Mayo Clinic	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 4
37	63	VV Venkatesh, Viswanath	Virginia Tech, Pamplin College of Business	Information Systems	Rank 1
38	65	Acemoglu, Daron	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Economics	Rank 1
39	66	DE Deci, Edward L.	University of Rochester	Social Psychology	Rank 6
40	67	CJ Cohen, Jacob	New York University	Psychiatry	Rank 2
41	68	KR Kalluri, Raghu	The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center	Oncology & Carcinogenesis	Rank 2
42	69	TR Tibshirani, Robert	Stanford University	Statistics & Probability	Rank 4
43	70	FB Fredrickson, Barbara L.	The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	Social Psychology	Rank 7
44	71	Yaghi, Omar M.	University of California, Berkeley	General Chemistry	Rank 2
45	72	LR Langer, Robert	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Biomedical Engineering	Rank 1
46	75	GA Gelman, Andrew	Columbia University	Statistics & Probability	Rank 5
47	76	BA Barabási, Albert László	Northeastern University	Fluids & Plasmas	Rank 2
48	79	FN Fierer, Noah	University of Colorado Boulder	Microbiology	Rank 1
49	80	WJ Wang, Joseph	Department of NanoEngineering	Analytical Chemistry	Rank 1
50	82	KM Karin, Michael	UC San Diego School of Medicine	Developmental Biology	Rank 4
51	85	YR Yager, Ronald R.	Machine Intelligence Institute	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 9
52	86	SB Sovacool, Benjamin K.	Boston University	Energy	Rank 1
53	87	MR Medzhitov, Ruslan	Yale School of Medicine	Immunology	Rank 2
54	89	WD Williams, David Rudyard	Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health	Public Health	Rank 1
55	96	DD Donoho, David	Stanford University	Networking & Telecommunications	Rank 1
56	98	PM Packer, Milton	Baylor Jack and Jane Hamilton Heart and Vascular Hospital	Cardiovascular System & Hematology	Rank 4
57	99	DK Deb, Kalyanmoy	Michigan State University	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 10
58	101	BG Buzsáki, György	NYU Grossman School of Medicine	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 5
59	104	MD Mozaffarian, Dariush	Tufts University	Cardiovascular System & Hematology	Rank 5
60	106	HK He, Kaiming	FAIR	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 11
61	107	MR Mittler, Ron	University of Missouri	Plant Biology & Botany	Rank 2
62	108	HM Holick, Michael F.	Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine	Endocrinology & Metabolism	Rank 2
63	111	LE Lander, Eric S.	Broad Institute	Developmental Biology	Rank 5
64	112	DC Dinarello, Charles A.	University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus	Immunology	Rank 3
65	113	VN Volkow, Nora D.	National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 6
66	114	BJ Barney, Jay B.	David Eccles School of Business	Business & Management	Rank 4
67	115	BP Bentler, Peter M.	University of California, Los Angeles	Social Sciences Methods	Rank 1
68	117	KD Kahneman, Daniel	Princeton University	Experimental Psychology	Rank 2
69	118	YZ Younossi, Zobair M.	Inova Health System	Gastroenterology & Hepatology	Rank 1
70	120	VT VanderWeele, Tyler J.	Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health	Epidemiology	Rank 3
71	124	BM Barsoum, Michel W.	Drexel University	Materials	Rank 1
72	125	PM Porter, Michael E.	Harvard Business School	Business & Management	Rank 5
73	126	KE Koonin, Eugene V.	National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)	Developmental Biology	Rank 6
74	129	MM Mattson, Mark P.	Johns Hopkins School of Medicine	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 7
75	133	SC Shannon, Claude E.	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Networking & Telecommunications	Rank 2
76	134	JA Jain, Anil	Michigan State University	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 13
77	136	MJ Massagué, Joan	Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center	Developmental Biology	Rank 7
78	138	PD Pardoll, Drew M.	The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center	Immunology	Rank 5
79	140	MR Mayer, Richard E.	University of California, Santa Barbara	Education	Rank 1
80	141	ZS Zahra, Shaker A.	University of Minnesota Twin Cities	Business & Management	Rank 6
81	142	FB Fischl, Bruce	Massachusetts General Hospital	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 8
82	143	MJ Morris, John C.	Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 9
83	150	DF Davis, Fred D.	Rawls College of Business	Information Systems	Rank 2
84	154	RP Reich, Peter B.	University of Minnesota Twin Cities	Ecology	Rank 2
85	156	KK Kroenke, Kurt	Indiana University School of Medicine	General & Internal Medicine	Rank 7
86	157	DR D’Agostino, Ralph	Wake Forest University School of Medicine	Cardiovascular System & Hematology	Rank 7
87	159	LD Lovley, Derek R.	University of Massachusetts Amherst	Microbiology	Rank 2
88	161	CJ Cummings, J.	University of Nevada, Las Vegas	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 10
89	166	SJ Sarkis, Joseph	Worcester Polytechnic Institute	Business & Management	Rank 7
90	167	PB Popkin, Barry M.	The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	Nutrition & Dietetics	Rank 2
91	168	CE Candès, Emmanuel J.	Stanford University	Statistics & Probability	Rank 6
92	169	HS Horvath, Steve	David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA	Developmental Biology	Rank 8
93	170	SA Shleifer, Andrei	Harvard University	Economics	Rank 2
94	171	HG Hotamisligil, Gökhan S.	Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health	Endocrinology & Metabolism	Rank 4
95	172	JM Jordan, Michael I.	University of California, Berkeley	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 16
96	175	LB Logan, Bruce E.	Pennsylvania State University	Environmental Sciences	Rank 2
97	176	GS Greenland, Sander	University of California, Los Angeles	Epidemiology	Rank 4
98	177	BA Beck, Aaron T.	University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine	Clinical Psychology	Rank 1
99	179	BL Barrett, Lisa Feldman	Northeastern University	Experimental Psychology	Rank 3
100	184	HS Hobfoll, Stevan E.	Anxiety and Resilience	Psychiatry	Rank 3
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Countries with a similar count

Single-year list2023

China23,487 scientistsin 2023

United Kingdom16,795 scientistsin 2023

Germany10,088 scientistsin 2023

Canada7,889 scientistsin 2023

Australia7,600 scientistsin 2023

Italy7,099 scientistsin 2023

Explore other countries

Single-year list2023

Brazil1,294 scientistsin 2023

Mexico355 scientistsin 2023

Chile252 scientistsin 2023

Argentina196 scientistsin 2023

Colombia96 scientistsin 2023

Peru44 scientistsin 2023

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Frequently asked questions

How many scientists from the United States are in the 2023 Stanford Top 2% list?

69,386 scientists affiliated with the United States are on the 2023 single-year list, and 81,159 are on the career-long list.

Which institute in the United States has the most Top 2% scientists?

On the 2023 single-year list, Harvard Medical School has the most listed scientists from the United States, with 1,205. It is followed by University of Washington with 931.

How has the number of Top 2% scientists in the United States changed since 2020?

On the single-year list, the United States went from 59,785 scientists in 2020 to 69,386 in 2023, a change of +16.1%.

What is the difference between the single-year and career-long lists?

The single-year list ranks scientists on the citations their work received in one year. The career-long list ranks them on citations across their whole career. Both lists are published every year, and a scientist can be on one, both or neither.

What is the official source of this data?

The rankings come from the science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators published by Ioannidis et al. in the Elsevier Data Repository, updated every year. TOPSCINET, an independent platform, organises that data by country, year, institute and field, so you can compare and explore it.