United States' Top 2% Scientists 2024

The United States has 71,460 scientists on the 2024 single-year Top 2% list, up 3.0% from 69,386 in 2023. That places the United States 1st in the world by number of listed scientists. Harvard Medical School has the most listed scientists (1,168), followed by Stanford University (1,113).

Single Year

71,460

+2,074 (+3.0%) vs 2023

Career Data

84,209

+3,050 (+3.8%) vs 2023

World rank by count

No change vs 2023

Institutes

5,591

-374 (-6.3%) vs 2023

Scientists in the United States on the list, by year

The single-year count has grown 20% since 2020.

Single-year list, change on the previous year

2021+10.8%

2022+3.5%

2023+1.2%

2024+3.0%

2025+2.2%

Show the numbers

Year	Single Year	Change	Career Data	Change
2020	59,785		68,018
2021	66,247	+10.8%	75,908	+11.6%
2022	68,565	+3.5%	78,907	+4.0%
2023	69,386	+1.2%	81,159	+2.9%
2024	71,460	+3.0%	84,209	+3.8%
2025	73,020	+2.2%	87,861	+4.3%

Top 10 institutes in the United States

By number of listed scientists

Single-year list2024

Show the list

1Harvard Medical School1,168
2Stanford University1,113
3University of Washington993
4University of Michigan, Ann Arbor961
5University of California, San Francisco818
6University of California, Berkeley802
7University of California, San Diego759
8Massachusetts Institute of Technology720
9University of Pennsylvania717
10University of California, Los Angeles715

All 71,460 scientists

Single-year list2024

The first 100 are free to browse.

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Rank in the United States	World rank	Scientist	Institute	Sub-field	Rank in sub-field
1	4	Bandura, Albert	Stanford University	Social Psychology	Rank 1
2	7	GR Girshick, Ross	FAIR	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 3
3	10	AI Ajzen, Icek	University of Massachusetts Amherst	Social Psychology	Rank 2
4	11	PJ Perdew, John P.	Tulane University	Applied Physics	Rank 2
5	13	IJ Ioannidis, John P.A.	Stanford University	General & Internal Medicine	Rank 3
6	15	BL Breiman, Leo	University of California, Berkeley	Statistics & Probability	Rank 1
7	16	MD McClements, David Julian	University of Massachusetts Amherst	Food Science	Rank 1
8	17	ZL Zadeh, Lotfi A.	University of California, Berkeley	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 5
9	19	KR Kessler, Ronald C.	Harvard Medical School	Psychiatry	Rank 1
10	20	GJ Gross, James J.	Stanford University	Experimental Psychology	Rank 1
11	21	NM Newman, M. E.J.	University of Michigan, Ann Arbor	Fluids & Plasmas	Rank 1
12	23	LH Li, Heng	Harvard Medical School	Bioinformatics	Rank 1
13	24	LR Lal, Rattan A.	The Ohio State University	Agronomy & Agriculture	Rank 1
14	25	GY Gogotsi, Yury	Drexel University	Nanoscience & Nanotechnology	Rank 2
15	28	DE Diener, Ed	The University of Utah	Social Psychology	Rank 4
16	30	TD Teece, David J.	University of California, Berkeley	Business & Management	Rank 1
17	33	GJ Goodenough, John B.	The University of Texas at Austin	Applied Physics	Rank 3
18	34	LP Libby, Peter	Brigham and Women's Hospital	Cardiovascular System & Hematology	Rank 2
19	37	OE Ostrom, Elinor	Indiana University Bloomington	Political Science & Public Administration	Rank 1
20	38	PM Pesaran, M. Hashem	University of Southern California	Econometrics	Rank 1
21	39	HF Hu, Frank B.	Harvard Medical School	Endocrinology & Metabolism	Rank 1
22	42	Acemoglu, Daron	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Economics	Rank 1
23	43	MA Manthiram, Arumugam	The University of Texas at Austin	Nanoscience & Nanotechnology	Rank 4
24	44	WW Willett, Walter C.	Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health	Epidemiology	Rank 1
25	45	MB McEwen, Bruce S.	Rockefeller University	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 2
26	48	DE Deci, Edward L.	University of Rochester	Social Psychology	Rank 5
27	49	RP Ridker, Paul	Harvard Medical School	Cardiovascular System & Hematology	Rank 3
28	50	WE Witten, Edward	Institute for Advanced Study	Nuclear & Particle Physics	Rank 1
29	51	VV Venkatesh, Viswanath	Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University	Information Systems	Rank 1
30	52	SG Semenza, Gregg L.	Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology	Rank 1
31	53	ER Edgar, Robert C.	Madera	Bioinformatics	Rank 2
32	54	TD Tilman, David	University of California, Santa Barbara	Ecology	Rank 1
33	57	FJ Friedman, Jerome H.	Stanford University	Statistics & Probability	Rank 3
34	58	Yaghi, Omar M.	University of California, Berkeley	General Chemistry	Rank 1
35	59	BD Bartel, David P.	Howard Hughes Medical Institute	Developmental Biology	Rank 2
36	61	SB Sovacool, Benjamin K.	Boston University	Energy	Rank 1
37	64	KR Kalluri, Raghu	The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center	Oncology & Carcinogenesis	Rank 1
38	66	BR Baumeister, Roy F.	The University of Queensland	Social Psychology	Rank 6
39	67	JR Jain, Rakesh K.	Massachusetts General Hospital	Oncology & Carcinogenesis	Rank 3
40	68	MC Murray, Christopher J.L.	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation	General & Internal Medicine	Rank 5
41	69	WG Whitesides, George M.	Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences	General Chemistry	Rank 2
42	70	YR Yager, Ronald R.	Machine Intelligence Institute	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 8
43	71	PR Petersen, Ronald	Mayo Clinic	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 4
44	73	FB Fredrickson, Barbara L.	The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	Social Psychology	Rank 7
45	75	LY LeCun, Yann	New York University	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 9
46	77	TR Tibshirani, Robert	Stanford University	Statistics & Probability	Rank 4
47	80	LR Langer, Robert	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Biomedical Engineering	Rank 1
48	82	CJ Cohen, Jacob	New York University	Psychiatry	Rank 2
49	83	WJ Wang, Joseph	University of California, San Diego	Analytical Chemistry	Rank 1
50	84	BJ Barney, Jay B.	The University of Utah	Business & Management	Rank 4
51	85	Stockwell, Brent R.	Columbia University	Developmental Biology	Rank 4
52	86	MR Mittler, Ron	University of Missouri	Plant Biology & Botany	Rank 2
53	88	HK He, Kaiming	FAIR	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 11
54	89	FN Fierer, Noah	University of Colorado Boulder	Microbiology	Rank 1
55	90	GA Gelman, Andrew	Columbia University	Statistics & Probability	Rank 5
56	91	DK Deb, Kalyanmoy	Michigan State University	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 12
57	92	YZ Younossi, Zobair M.	Inova Health System	Gastroenterology & Hepatology	Rank 1
58	93	BG Buzsáki, György	New York University	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 5
59	94	BA Barabási, Albert László	Harvard Medical School	Fluids & Plasmas	Rank 2
60	97	MR Mayer, Richard E.	University of California, Santa Barbara	Education	Rank 1
61	98	WD Williams, David R.	Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health	Public Health	Rank 1
62	100	BP Bentler, Peter M.	University of California, Los Angeles	Social Sciences Methods	Rank 1
63	104	MD Mozaffarian, Dariush	Tufts University	Cardiovascular System & Hematology	Rank 4
64	105	BM Barsoum, Michel W.	Drexel University	Materials	Rank 1
65	107	KD Kahneman, Daniel	Princeton University	Experimental Psychology	Rank 2
66	111	MR Medzhitov, Ruslan	Yale School of Medicine	Immunology	Rank 2
67	113	HJ Hair, Joseph F.	University of South Alabama	Marketing	Rank 2
68	115	VT VanderWeele, Tyler J.	Harvard University	Epidemiology	Rank 2
69	117	PM Porter, Michael E.	Harvard Business School	Business & Management	Rank 5
70	119	DD Donoho, David	Stanford University	Networking & Telecommunications	Rank 1
71	120	SJ Sarkis, Joseph	Worcester Polytechnic Institute	Business & Management	Rank 6
72	128	RP Reich, Peter B.	University of Minnesota Twin Cities	Ecology	Rank 2
73	129	JM Jordan, Michael I.	University of California, Berkeley	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 15
74	130	SC Shannon, Claude E.	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Networking & Telecommunications	Rank 2
75	133	DF Davis, Fred	Texas Tech University	Information Systems	Rank 2
76	134	KM Karin, Michael	UC San Diego School of Medicine	Developmental Biology	Rank 5
77	137	VN Volkow, Nora D.	National Institutes of Health (NIH)	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 6
78	142	ZS Zahra, Shaker A.	University of Minnesota Twin Cities	Business & Management	Rank 7
79	143	MM Mattson, Mark P.	Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 7
80	144	FB Fischl, Bruce	Massachusetts General Hospital	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 8
81	147	KK Kroenke, Kurt	Regenstrief Institute Inc	General & Internal Medicine	Rank 7
82	148	JA Jain, Anil K.	Michigan State University	Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing	Rank 16
83	149	KE Koonin, Eugene V.	National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)	Developmental Biology	Rank 6
84	150	HM Holick, Michael F.	Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine	Endocrinology & Metabolism	Rank 2
85	154	DC Dinarello, Charles A.	University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus	Immunology	Rank 3
86	155	CJ Cummings, Jeffrey	University of Nevada, Las Vegas	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 9
87	157	LE Lander, Eric S.	Broad Institute	Developmental Biology	Rank 7
88	160	BL Barrett, Lisa Feldman	Northeastern University	Experimental Psychology	Rank 3
89	161	SA Shleifer, Andrei	Harvard University	Economics	Rank 2
90	168	HM Hernán, Miguel A.	Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health	Epidemiology	Rank 4
91	170	HS Horvath, Steve	University of California, Los Angeles	Developmental Biology	Rank 8
92	171	BR Bagozzi, Richard P.	University of Michigan, Ann Arbor	Marketing	Rank 3
93	172	BA Beck, Aaron T.	University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine	Clinical Psychology	Rank 1
94	174	RR Ritchie, R. O.	University of California, Berkeley	Materials	Rank 3
95	176	HS Hobfoll, Stevan E.	Anxiety and Resilience	Psychiatry	Rank 4
96	177	MJ Morris, John C.	Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis	Neurology & Neurosurgery	Rank 10
97	179	CE Candès, Emmanuel J.	Stanford University	Statistics & Probability	Rank 6
98	180	LJ Lehmann, Johannes	Cornell University	Agronomy & Agriculture	Rank 3
99	185	PD Pardoll, Drew M.	Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine	Immunology	Rank 5
100	188	XK Xu, Kang	U.S. Army Research Laboratory	Energy	Rank 8
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Countries with a similar count

Single-year list2024

China27,166 scientistsin 2024

United Kingdom17,554 scientistsin 2024

Germany10,422 scientistsin 2024

Canada8,185 scientistsin 2024

Australia8,032 scientistsin 2024

Italy7,620 scientistsin 2024

Explore other countries

Single-year list2024

Brazil1,340 scientistsin 2024

Mexico379 scientistsin 2024

Chile254 scientistsin 2024

Argentina204 scientistsin 2024

Colombia102 scientistsin 2024

Peru48 scientistsin 2024

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Frequently asked questions

How many scientists from the United States are in the 2024 Stanford Top 2% list?

71,460 scientists affiliated with the United States are on the 2024 single-year list, and 84,209 are on the career-long list.

Which institute in the United States has the most Top 2% scientists?

On the 2024 single-year list, Harvard Medical School has the most listed scientists from the United States, with 1,168. It is followed by Stanford University with 1,113.

How has the number of Top 2% scientists in the United States changed since 2020?

On the single-year list, the United States went from 59,785 scientists in 2020 to 71,460 in 2024, a change of +19.5%.

What is the difference between the single-year and career-long lists?

The single-year list ranks scientists on the citations their work received in one year. The career-long list ranks them on citations across their whole career. Both lists are published every year, and a scientist can be on one, both or neither.

What is the official source of this data?

The rankings come from the science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators published by Ioannidis et al. in the Elsevier Data Repository, updated every year. TOPSCINET, an independent platform, organises that data by country, year, institute and field, so you can compare and explore it.